Life Easier Today Than It Was 50 Years Ago Essay

When you write a paper, you use some information that you have read in books, journals, on the Internet, etc. Your teacher might have told you, â€Å"Use your own words.† In other words, even when you use someone else’s information, you are not allowed to use the words they wrote. You have to use your own. You have to say the same thing in a different way. This is called paraphrasing. For example, if the book you are reading from says, â€Å"John Adams, who was involved in winning independence for the United States, was the second President.† You cannot write those words in your paper. You cannot even write, â€Å"John Adams, a man involved in winning independence for the United States, was its second President.† One way that you could re-write it is to say, â€Å"The second American President, John Adams, was also influential in gaining freedom for the country.† However, in spite of being told to use your own words, you might not know how to do it. There are a variety of techniques you can use. You can change the words for words of similar meaning; you can change the grammar; you can change the grammar or grammatical forms. In this reading, you will learn about ways that you can paraphrase. Methods of Paraphrasing Before you even begin to paraphrase, you need to make certain that you understand what you are reading. If you do not understand what you read, you cannot paraphrase it. There are six ways that you can change sentences to paraphrase the information. You will probably not use all of them in the same sentence, but you can use ones that are appropriate. (In each of the examples, only one change is made. This is not enough if you are actually paraphrasing.) Read about each type of change, and look at the examples. Then make that type of change in the sample sentences that follow. Changing Word Order One way you can change a sentence for paraphrasing is to change the word order. For example, you might change â€Å"Because I slept too late, I missed my first class† to â€Å"I missed my first class because I slept too late,† or â€Å"In order to pass that class, I had to study very hard† to â€Å"I had to study very hard in order to pass that class.† It is sometimes necessary to change the wording of the parts of the sentences. For example, â€Å"Terry wanted more books, but he couldn’t afford them,† can be changed to â€Å"Terry couldn’t afford more books, even though he wanted them.† 1. If you’re going to New York for Christmas, be sure to take warm clothes. __Be sure to take warm clothes, if you’re going to New York for Christmas.___________ ________________________________________________________________________________ 2. Even though the weather was good, Joan was in a bad mood. ___Joan was in a bad mood, even though the weather was good._____________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ 3. I had no money, so I borrowed some. __I borrowed some money, because I had none._____________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ Changing Parts of Speech You can also change parts of speech. If the sentence uses a noun, you can rewrite the sentence to use the verb or adjective form of the word, for example. You can change â€Å"Fifty-four men signed the Declaration of Independence† to â€Å"Fifty-four men put their signatures on the Declaration of Independence.† 1. The company needs to find a solution for this problem. __The company needs to solve this problem.______________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ 2. The poor economy has been the cause of high unemployment. ___The poor economy has caused high unemployment.______________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ 3. If you eat rabbit, you will find its taste like chicken. __If you eat rabbit, you will find it tastes like chicken.______________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ Using Synonyms English has many synonyms — words that have the same or similar meanings — so another way you can paraphrase is to change one word for a synonym. For example, you could change â€Å"Movies can be divided into three categories† to â€Å"Movies can be divided into three types.† 1. The way a person dresses affects the impression that other people have. __ The way a person dresses influences the image that other people have.___ ________________________________________________________________________________ 2. That phrase means â€Å"in a happy way.† ___That expression means â€Å"in a cheerful way.†_____________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ 3. There is little chance that the situation will improve. ___There is little possibility that the circumstances will get better.__________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ Using Negatives or Opposite Expressions Another way to paraphrase is to change a positive expression into a negative expression, or a negative expression into a positive expression. You could change â€Å"Rather than building a traditional memorial, the city built a park† to â€Å"The city did not build a traditional memorial; instead it built a park.† 1. Shaun was disappointed, because the movie wasn’t very good. ___Shaun wasn’t satisfied, because the movie wasn’t very good.______________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ 2. Japan is not a small country, compared to European countries. __Japan is a large country, compared to European countries.________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ 3. Geri wanted some candy, but there wasn’t any in the bowl. __Geri wanted some candy, but the bowl was empty.________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ Combining or Separating Sentences Long sentences can be divided, and short sentences can be combined with other short sentences. You can change â€Å"Ireland is a wonderful country, which has beautiful scenery, friendly people, and an interesting history† to â€Å"Ireland is a wonderful country. It has beautiful scenery, friendly people, and an interesting history.† You can also change â€Å"Ireland is a wonderful country. It has beautiful scenery, friendly people, and an interesting history† to â€Å"Ireland, which is a wonderful country, has beautiful scenery, friendly people, and an interesting history.† 1. Elizabeth I was the daughter of Henry VIII. She is one of England’s most famous queens. __Elizabeth I, who was the daughter of Henry VIII, was one of England’s most________ __famous queens.________________________________________________________________ 2. This book is about a woman who pretended to be a man to join the army in World War II. It is one of Lynn’s favorite books. ___This book, which is one of Lynn’s favorites, is about a woman who pretended to___ ___be a man to join the army in World War II.______________________________________ 3. If you go to London, you should be sure to visit Westminster Abbey, where many of the kings and queens of England, as well as other famous people, are buried. __If you go to London, you should be sure to visit Westminster Abbey. Many kings and_ __queens of England are buried there. Other famous people are buried there, too.______ Using Different Grammar – Structure, Voice You can paraphrase by changing the grammar of a sentence, for example, but changing from active voice (â€Å"The dog bit the man†) to passive voice (â€Å"The man was bitten by the dog†) or by making other changes in the grammar. You can change â€Å"It is not unusual for June to be a rainy month here† to â€Å"June is often a rainy month here,† or â€Å"It is thought that this new plan will save money† to â€Å"Many people think that this new plan will save money.† 1. Various languages are spoken in this country. __The people of this country speak various languages._______________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ 2. Frank studied French, and, as a result, he translated for our visitors from France. __Frank could translate for our visitors from France, because he had studied French.__ ________________________________________________________________________________ 3. Tom McGovern got married three times and had five children. ___Tom McGovern had three wives and was the father of five._______________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ Exercise Read the following sentences and paraphrase them, combining the techniques that you learned in this article. 1. Gone with the Wind, which was published in 1936, covered 12 years of the life of a woman named Scarlett O’Hara during and after the Civil War. It began when she was 16 year old and tells the story of her love for two men. ___Published in 1936, Gone with the Wind was the story of Scarlett O’Hara and the___ ___two men she loved. It covers Scarlett’s life from the time she was 16 until she was__ ___28, during the Civil War and the years that followed.____________________________

Fundamental Media

Mass communication research includes media institutions and processes such as diffusion of information, and media effects such as persuasion or manipulation of public opinion. In the United States, for instance, several university departments were remodeled into schools or colleges of mass communication or â€Å"journalism and mass communication†. In addition to studying practical skills of journalism, public relations or advertising, they offer programs on â€Å"mass communication† or â€Å"mass communication research. The latter is often the title given to doctoral studies in such schools, whether the focus of the student's research is journalism practice, history, law or media effects. Departmental structures within such colleges may separate research and instruction in professional or technical aspects of mass communication. With the increased role of the Internet in delivering news and information, mass communication studies and media organizations tend to focus o n the convergence of publishing, broadcasting and digital communication. The academic mass communication discipline historically differs from media studies and communication studies programs with roots in departments of theatre, film or speech, and with more interest in â€Å"qualitative,† interpretive theory, critical or cultural approaches to communication study. In contrast, many mass communication programs historically lean toward empirical analysis and quantitative research— from statistical content analysis of media messages to survey research, public opinion polling, and experimental research. Interest in â€Å"New Media† and â€Å"Computer Mediated Communication† is growing much faster than educational institutions can assimilate it. So far, traditional classes and degree programs have not been able to accommodate new shifts of the paradigm in communication technologies. Although national standards for the study of interactive media have been present in the U. K. since the mid-nineties, course work in these areas tends to vary significantly from university to university. Graduates of Mass Communication programs work in a variety of fields in traditional news media and publishing, advertising, public relations and research institutes. Such programs are accredited by the Accrediting Council on Education in Journalism and Mass Communication ACEJMC Questions a) Define and describe mass communication as a professional field giving examples of theories and criticism around this field (20 Marks) b) Give a brief history of the evolution of mass communication.

Consumer product safety Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Consumer product safety - Research Paper Example l injury and defense of negligence Duty of care and breach of duty care This is a legal obligation of a person or organization to avoid omission, which can be, reasonably foreseen consequently causing harm to others. In this context, the duty of care of manufacturers of garlic slicer is fundamental to avoid potential risks to users. In actual sense, manufacturers have a responsibility of care to prevent damage or injury arising from failure or fault of their products (Consumer Product Safety division). It is noteworthy that, the model of the duty of care should be proved before proceeding with an action in negligence. Conversely, an individual who without any element of personal fault sustains an injury caused by a defect in the design or manufacture of a product rendering it unreasonably dangerous to normal use, may recover from the product’s manufacturer without proof of negligence. Standard of care This refers to manufacturer’s obligation of ensuring proper descripti on of product usage. It involves a provision of proper usage guidelines and associated cautions (Consumer Product Safety division). This may include package inserts, which describes all forms of information related to the prescribing data. The package inserts refers to the specific product information, which includes the medication itself. It is worth noting that, the product inserts do not define the standard of care for the use of the prescription medications however, the key concern is how the courts rule on the matter. The fundamental aspects attributed to the insert information include the possibility of establishing the applicable standard of care, which can be used as evidence in the determination of the applicable standard of care. In addition, whether this information can be used to in the... Consumer product safety Consumer protection statute refers to the laws that regulate relationships between individual consumers and manufacturers. This study examines the product liability statute. This statute governs the liability of the manufacturers, wholesalers, distributor and vendors for damages caused by faulty products. The fundamental role of the product liability statute is to enhance consumer protection from dangerous products. This law holds the manufacturers, wholesalers, and vendors responsible for such product faultiness. Manufactures have a fundamental role in ensuring the consumer safety is assured. However, restriction on negligence actions implies that, while damages may be recompensed for individual damages or injuries caused, damages will not be awarded for economic losses. Consumer protection statute refers to the laws that regulate relationships between individual consumers and manufacturers. This study examines the product liability statute. This statute governs the liability of the manufacturers, wholesalers, distributor and vendors for damages caused by faulty products. The fundamental role of the product liability statute is to enhance consumer protection from dangerous products. This law holds the manufacturers, wholesalers and vendors responsible for such product faultiness. In conclusion, manufactures have a fundamental role in ensuring the consumer safety is assured. However, restriction on negligence actions implies that, while damages may be recompensed for individual damages or injuries caused, damages will not be awarded for economic losses.

Puritanism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Puritanism - Essay Example Their works are devoid of self righteousness and glorification but praise and glory are always given to God. Amidst the persevering life of a saint, the works also talks of God's providence and grace. In A Model of Christian Charity, Winthrop states three reasons why people are not equals, some are rich while other are poor: "to hold conformity with the rest of His works," that He might have the more occasion to manifest the work of His spirit," and "that every man might have need of each other" (Reuben). It should be noted that his reasoning largely mirror the basic teachings and doctrine of Puritanism. First, it shows the Puritans belief of predestination, that is, some are predestined to be rich while others are predestined to be poor. Second, that God is a superior and whose creation is perfect. Being poor is not seen as God's failure, but God's way of perfecting the world. Thus, poverty is not a problem of mankind but that it exists in order to manifest justice, respect, and mercy. In his response, Winthrop communicates the Puritan's deep reverence and faith in God. To what extent is Bradstreet's "To my Dear and Loving Husband" an expression of individual feeling, and where does it echo the Puritan ideology of marriage, i

Pepsico Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Pepsico - Essay Example All these activities, from a marketing perspective, enable businesses to attract a market share, run profitably and sustainably. This paper examines the marketing concepts and subjects of marketing strategy that are presented and explained in a documentary program, CNBC special research/analysis on the company PepsiCo, which is headquartered in Purchase, New York, PepsiCo Inc is an American multinational company that produces markets and distributes grain-based snack foods and beverages. Like all businesses, PepsiCo has to gain a share of the highly competitive market, make profits, and create consumer value; however, this is not an easy feat to achieve without strategic marketing concepts and marketing strategies. The first marketing concept inherent in PepsiCo’s marketing strategy is the creation of healthy foods and drinks in response to the rise in global health issues, such as obesity (â€Å"Pepsi Documentary Part 1†). PepsiCo aims to produce snacks and beverages w ith low calorie, sugar, and salt, a challenging marketing strategy that is slowly transforming the scarcely known nondescript company into a leading global beverage and snacks company. Besides that, PepsiCo has an ever-increasing global presence, supplying a wide range of beverages and snacks all over the world; the company aims to satisfy customers through a regular supply of their products. The company fulfills all their customers’ needs by ensuring that there are no shortages of consumer products in the market, ranging from beverages up to snacks. Supplying customers with all their needs is an effective customer-centric strategy that enables PepsiCo to build strong customer relations while making profits. Research and innovation is at the center of PepsiCo’s marketing strategy; the company actively conducts research to discover new ingredients and flavors that can be used in its products (â€Å"Pepsi Documentary Part 1†). This research is very essential in th e creation of new breakthroughs for the company; for instance, in its quest to establish healthier products, the company seeks to discover alternative sweeteners through the research. Research is an effective way of building customer value because the basis for the establishment of outstanding products caters for consumer needs. PepsiCo continuously seeks to create superior brands that are appealing to the customers, so that it can attract its share of the product market. Given the changing global attitudes towards lifestyles in particular, PepsiCo has an obligation to meet the new market needs by ensuring its products are in tandem with the emerging changes. PepsiCo’s research and product development center works tirelessly and relentlessly to establish new ideas the company can implement that, in order to create sustainable customer value and loyalty. For instance, PepsiCo’s product research and development center has been tasked to find ways of reducing the levels o f sugar, calories, and salts in the company’s products as a strategic direction for the future (â€Å"Pepsi Documentary Part 2†). Ethics and cultural considerations are also part of PepsiCo’s marketing strategies; the company is firmly committed to societal values and cultural aspects that characterize its potential target markets. For instance, the company is strongly committed to reducing the leve

Before and After School Care Program Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Before and After School Care Program - Essay Example Before and After School Care Program At present, many parents are able to give care to their children before going to school and after coming home from school. However, due to the financial crises that have been hitting the country for a long time, the number of children whose parents are both working to fulfill financial needs of the family, including single parents that also work, has increased up to 62% (Theobald, 2000). This shift also caused the changes in the people who interact and care for children, and mostly these are non-family members such as nannies or baby-sitters, school teachers, child care center workers and before- and after-school care providers (Sonenstein, Gates, Schmidt, & Bolshun, 2002). The before- and after-school programs provided education and care for children in an effective way so that parents would be able to work and add to the financial stability of the family, and for the children to have an enhanced development of their social and academic statuses (Blau & Currie, 2006). It was also reported that such programs that were designed to provide adult supervision to children by as much as two hours a day on average, depending on the age of the child. These activities are seen as extra-curricular activities that provide enrichment to a child’s development (Kleiner, Nolin, & Chapman, 2004). While most young and preschool children are sent to public day care centers or made prior arrangements to schools for extra-curricular activities by their parents, some companies also started offering child day care centers and other before- and after-school programs for working parents’ children, for their peace of mind during work hours (Working Mother, 2003). Companies are also able to assist working parents of school-aged children by providing flexible work hours and even working at home in order for them to be able to both work for financial stability as well as to be able to supervise their children’s growth and developme nt. Another example on how companies are able to help working parents is by providing parental leave privileges for those who just had a baby either by birth or through adoption. Such benefits offered by the employers not only increase the morale of their employees, but also gives the company a good public image, which in turn could increase their workforce and decrease worker turnover (US Department of Labor, 1994). An example of a company that gives its parent employees a chance to work for longer hours with less hassle is Intermedics Co., whom in 1979 built and opened a high-quality child care center in Freeport, TX. Even if there is a charge of $15 a week for full-time child care, the job turnover rates decreased up to 37% and the reduced absenteeism resulted in the company saving more than $2 million for the first two years (US Department of Labor, 1994). Some companies do not provide child care services, but are able to assist their working parent- employees through other mean s. A center for mildly ill children named Chicken Soup collaborated with employers in such a way that employees who brought in their children to the center instead of letting them stay at home were still able to go to work due to the proximity of the center to the workplace. Absenteeism was reduced and the employers were able to save up to 85% of the cost of having an absent employee (US Department of

Children's Development, Health and Well-being Essay

Children's Development, Health and Well-being - Essay Example This paper will now discuss the different ways by which children develop in their early years and primary settings, with specific focus on their health and wellbeing. First, a discussion on the developmental needs and conditions of children in their primary school years would be presented, followed by a discussion on the theories and key educational initiatives and how these impact on children’s development. Legislation pertinent to the topic will then be discussed, including the key elements which impact on children’s development, health and well-being. Legislation relevant to schools and children will also be made part of this discussion as a means of understanding the connections between policy and classroom practice. Body During the primary years, learners are highly energetic and highly engaged in physical activity. They are also entering a period of experimentation with various possible identities (Fabian and Dunlop, 2002). They explore themselves and their relati onship and similarities to their peers, including the differences between the male and female gender. They are also able to participate enthusiastically in various activities, as well as to expand their mental development in ways which may be considered reflective (Fabian and Dunlop, 2002). These learners have needs which relate to the application of complicated, dynamic, interactive and cyclical activities. The learning process for these children would have to call for them to elaborate, reformulate, and reflect upon their knowledge and values (Fabian and Dunlop, 2002). In other words, they have to be supported on how their develop responsibility for their learning. The years following conception until birth to the first eight years of the child’s life are crucial to their complete and healthy mental, emotional, and physical growth (Robinson, 2007). Their brain’s rapid development often starts as early as the prenatal stage and continues until after the child’s birth. The cell formation of the child is often already complete before their birth with a newborn infant having about 100 billion brain cells (Robinson, 2007). Their brain maturation as well as the development of their neural pathways is however continued after birth until their early childhood. In effect, early childhood is a time where the environment also has a crucial role to play in determining the eventual direction of the child’s development. The environment impacts on the number of brain cells and connections made, but also how these connections would be wired (Waller, 2009). The goal of removing excess neurons and synapses from the immature brain is a process which goes on until the child’s adolescence, but is especially dramatic during the child’s early years (Waller, 2009). This process is also guided to a significant extent by how the child is experiencing the outside world. According to different studies, if the brain does not gain enough stimulat ion during this critical period, it would be very difficult for the brain to later rewire itself at a later time (MacIntyre, 2007). Poor nutrition before birth and in the first years of the child’s life can also seriously impact on brain development and cause neurological and behavioural issues including learning disabilities and mental retardation (MacIntyre, 2007).

Oragnizational Behavior Business Research Paper

Oragnizational Behavior Business - Research Paper Example In addition, there are problems of attrition and hiring & severance costs (LaMalfa, 2007). Hence, it becomes imperative for the top executives of a firm to make plans and take steps for employee engagement and motivation. As a president of my company, I would make a systematic plan for employee engagement and motivation. The same is discussed here. 2. Recognizing the need and meaning of employee engagement The first step in an employee engagement plan is to recognize its real meaning and need. It has been found through research that engaged employees are those who are emotionally connected to the organization’s business. This emotional connect is above pay scale, incentives, benefits or training. Engaged employees are more enthusiastic, productive and happy in their work. The board of directors and the top executives need to understand that engaged employees lead to significant cost savings in recruitment and training and also enable to gain a sustainable competitive advantage . They allow flexibility in business due to their capability to acquire new skills and adapt to new businesses. The managers also need to realize that like other factors employee engagement can be planned and managed. 3. ... tions, compensation & benefits, training facilities, recommendation of the organization as a place to work, recommendation of company’s products or services to friends and productivity (LaMalfa, 2007). The survey must follow a 5 point or 7 point Likert scale so that the qualitative responses can be converted into quantitative data for analysis. In addition to the questions, the comments of the employees can be noted separately so that different perspectives which can’t be revealed by data can be known. On the questions, advanced data analysis techniques such as regression, factor analysis, cluster analysis and hypothesis testing would be used to generate useful insights. To measure the level of employee engagement, I would also contemplate engaging Gallup which is one of the oldest consulting organizations in conducting engagement surveys. Alternatively, I would use Gallup Q.12, the 12 question survey prepared by the company for measurement (Vazirani, 2007). The same is shown in Appendix 1. 4. Identifying and analyzing the problems The analysis of data would help to identify the problem areas. A certain threshold score should be used for each area to accept or reject it as a problem area. After this the root cause analysis of each problem must be done using 5 Whys approach or Fish Bone diagram. Also a gap analysis needs to be performed at this stage to identify the distance to be travelled for transition from current level of employee engagement to future desired level. 5. Developing an employee engagement strategy Employee engagement strategy would be developed by considering hierarchical needs of employees across 3 levels- basic, intermediate and advanced. The basic level includes meeting employee needs regarding safe working conditions, goal setting, training,

Does God Exist Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Does God Exist - Essay Example However, many philosophers came up with their own proofs for the existence of God, some of which are outlined in this paper. Rene Descartes holds a special place in the history of philosophy since he is known as the father of modern philosophy. His own proof for the existence of God is given when he starts doubting everything including his own existence. However, since he is aware of his existence, he knows he actually exists which gives us the axiom â€Å"I think therefore I am†. He then gives further proofs for the existence of his senses and uses that to show that a benevolent God must be present which allows him to have faith in the reality around him (Wikipedia, 2006). In effect, the proof given by Descartes stems from the fact that his ability of reasoning means that a God must exist (Jones, 2003). In relation to Descartes, Immanuel Kant took a slightly different approach to come to his own rationale for the existence of God. Since his philosophy was focused on the moral principles of life, he uses that to show the necessity of God. His argument is that morality is a rational system which can only exist with a moral order within the world. This moral order can only be created and conceived if there is a God present to guide us therefore, the presence of God is necessary for us (Byrne, 2004). Kant also gave an additional proof for the existence of God based on his philosophy of morality by saying that it is rational as well as morally important for us to attain happiness which comes from being virtuous and whatever we ought to attain should be possible. However, attaining this happiness would only be possible if a natural order was maintained and that can only be maintained if God is responsible for it (Byrne, 2004). It is clear that both the arguments presented form their basis on a person agreeing with Kant’s own philosophy of ethics

Econimics course work Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Econimics course work - Coursework Example This puts high power incentives as a risky means of having things done in an organization. If the management system is not strong and if means of monitoring and evaluation is not keen, then employees could use dubious means to have their goals realized. This could put an organization in the edge of losing its face and reputation. Applying high power incentives also has a tendency of narrowing the capacity of employees (Campbell, 76). They would largely concentrate on one endeavor wherein there is a promise; while at the same time neglecting other areas that may not be of great urgency but of equal priority. This may also lead to an extensive malfunction of other departmental organizations and functionalities. These make high power incentives not appropriate for motivating employees. Various tasks are best performed by contract. These include such tasks that need external audit that internal employees should not do. Also tasks that require expertise attention that may not be found wit hin the organization warrants a contract. Tasks, which may expose the secrets of the organization, are good if they are contracted unless under examined ethical conditions. Internal employees best do such tasks. 2. Issues related to the organization of the firm (Contract between Asphalt Acres and Auto Engineering Company) The main purpose of a contract is formalizing an agreement between parties. The agreement has to be mutually agreed upon and legally consented to. Contract often encompasses a wider range of things; in this case, the use of a property, pricing of items and facility, open knowledge of any due charges. The contract relationship, terms of dispute settlement, and terms and conditions underlying work for hire have to be made clear. Since the pricing of the property and any other charges underlying the contract has to be made by Asphalt Acres, it would be proper for the Auto Engineering Company ensure that they evaluate these terms if they are commensurate to the profita bility of the whole project. It is also important to determine the cost of other options available lest they run the risk of being exploited. All issues in a contract have to be made clear, all the hidden chares may interfere with the relationship of the contract, and therefore the Auto Engineering Company should not accept any vagueness related to the issues of the contract. All charges have to be made clear to avoid any conflict. Additionally, to avoid any conflict of interest, the relationship, and the management of the field has to be made clear. The offer has to be of value and of great benefit to both parties. They also have to determine their terms of management and clearly determine the roles of each company in the field to avoid any confusion that may arise. 4. Transfer Prices Transfer of pricing refers to the analysis, charge adjustment, and price setting made between Parties of related interest trading on goods and services. Price transfer is an important determinant of h ow the prices and interests are accrued between the parties. The transfer of pricing also determines the rate of taxes. Allocation of resources is also determined by the determined by the existing prices among the components. Price transfer is important for the tax administrators and taxpayers due to their importance in determining the income, expenses,

Cybercrime Continue to Rise Essay Example for Free

Cybercrime Continue to Rise Essay Cybercrime is increasing at an alarming rate worldwide with more than a million people becoming victims every single day, according to the Norton Cybercrime Report 2011. The victims of cybercrime also paid dearly with a total loss of US$388bil (RM1. 21bil) to cybercriminals in 2010. Effendy Ibrahim, director of consumer business at Symantec Asia Pacific, said that cybercrimes don’t only cost victims financially but emotionally too. On average, it takes 10 days for a victim to recover from a cybercrime and it can be emotional too considering the amount of data they lose,† he said at the launch of Norton 2012, Symantec’s latest cybersecurity solution. However, victims could have saved themselves money and regret as the type of cybercrimes they fell victim to were preventable. The report found that the most common type of cybercrimes are malware, scams and threats targeted at mobile devices. However many people tend to underestimate the dangers of online crime thinking that it will happen to everyone else but themselves. The survey found that seven out of 10 adults thought they would more likely be a victim of physical crime rather than an online crime. â€Å"This is a lingering attitude users have when they are offline and it gets replicated when they are online,† Effendy said. The report also found that men, particularly those in the generation Y demographic, are most likely to become victims of cybercrimes. â€Å"Men spend more time online and do more ‘dangerous’ activities,† Effendy said. The report stated that more men watch adult content, gamble and participate in online dating sites compared to women. All these are social engineering techniques and it’s quite easy to fall victims to such tactics,† Effendy said. Local threat landscape Although Malaysia wasn’t in the list of countries studied in the report, national cyberspace police Cybersecurity Malaysia said the findings are representative of the Malaysian threat landscape. â€Å"It is the same environment, so whatever that is happening in the world will definitely affect us the same way,† said Cybersecurity Malaysia chief executive officer, Lt Col (Rtd) Prof Datuk Husin Jazri. He said the Malaysian cyberthreat landscape is no less alarming with over 10,000 cases reported every month up till August this year. Last year, Cybersecurity Malaysia received over 8,000 reports about cybercrime via its cyber999 hotline. Its Cyber Early Warning System has also detected over 5,000,000 security threats up until August. Given the increasing amount of cyberthreats, Husin said there is a need for more proactive measures to prevent more Internet users from becoming cybercrime victims and it will take more than reviewing or improving current cybersecurity laws. â€Å"Amending laws take time and it is slower than the prevailing problem. We need to intensify education and awareness efforts to educate users on Internet risks,† he said. Husin said Cybersecurity Malaysia is open to the idea of working with security solution providers like Symantec to come up with cybersecurity awareness programmes. Cybersecurity Malaysia already has a list of home-made security tools such as DontPhishMe, DNSwatch and MyPHPiPs that protects users from cybercriminals which can be downloaded for free. It is also working on establishing a Cyber Clinic which will offer an extensive list of cybersecurity services to computer users. The clinic is expected to be ready before the end of the year.

How the English Tell Jokes Essay Example for Free

How the English Tell Jokes Essay I assume that the reader of this essay may have had heard of the story of the tower of Babel. It is a story from the Bible (no intention of offense to those who aren’t supposed to read it) about men trying to reach the heavens by building a really, as in very tall tower. In the story, all men initially had one language that can be understood by all. God was offended and infuriated by the tower so He had effortlessly destroyed many years worth of efforts of all men back then. God had punished all men by giving them so many languages so that there was confusion because men can’t understand each other anymore. So those with the same languages had grouped together. I had assumed that in this story, the Englishmen were very easy to pinpoint among the crowd consisting of all of humanity. The Englishmen were probably the only race that was laughing about what happened to the tower. The Englishmen could have been joking about the tower looking like a Poseidon’s boner and consistently laughing at the ‘bloke’ who had thought of building such a tower. American comedy sure is popular around the globe, but people forget to give the credit to the ones that inspired some American comedians excel in the field of making people laugh until tears fall from their eyes while having stomach spasms from laughing uncontrollably. Who would forget the English classics like Chaucer’s Canterbury Tales and Little England, not to mention contemporary shows like Mr. Bean, The Office, The Monty Phyton, and many more? (Taylor, 2004)There was certainly something special with English comedy for it to gain worldwide appreciation. Was it because there were something different in the way English people tell and deliver their jokes? Or is it that the English humor itself is very different thus making it a special kind of humor? Does the accent of the English people have something to do with their world-renowned good delivery of funny jokes? Of course these inquiries are quite improbable to arrive at single answers. But still, this essay will try to present the possible reasons why Englishmen are so funny. The essay will also strive to give the reader a concrete idea of the manner of how the Englishmen tell their funny jokes. The Englishmen, and that include women of course, take pride in being one of the happiest, if not craziest (in the most admirable sense of the word) cultures that has made this world laugh and laugh all over again. In fact, it is one of England’s best known positive traits, being funny like hell. There even exists such extreme notion that goes something like the country of England is the nation that has more humor than any other nation. But wait, that extreme notion doesn’t end there. The country of England even believes that they are consistently funnier too. For me, that notion doesn’t really give out a negative feel to it. Well, of course some other nations may have the same claims. But still, those other nations won’t have the archive of evidences of comedic superiority of the Englishmen. There even exist testimonies from foreigners that have set foot on England. They had testified that England is indeed a place wherein you’d be remembering jokes when you remember your stay there. England’s incomparable humor is something that every Englishmen should be proud and boast about their country. We can even consider that one of England’s best and highest-quality of imports is English humor. It is England’s gift to the world. It appears that the music wasn’t the only gift of England to the whole of the world, it was but laughter. Another almost equally admirable about the Englishmen is that they have this really commendable humor that can laugh at themselves and at their own failures. That trait gives a very positive and a cheerful quality to the Englishman, which are I believe necessary traits for every comedian regardless of race. But still of course, foreigners may have a very different reaction, since everything in this world is relative. Some foreigners wouldn’t even find the jokes of England as funny as their own personal taste won’t adhere to the mild dose of self-deprecation, hefty amount of sarcasm, and a barrage of irony and satire. These comedic elements are conventionally found in the jokes of Englishmen. Some people may find the English jokes as dry humor, at least, or humorless at worst. The reason behind this conflict in the differences of humor is that some people are conservative, while some are even more conservative beyond the word conservative can even define. Some English jokes go to the extent of being vulgar and green-mannered. Ergo, some of the non-English, or even some English conservatives, can’t help but be offended. But since England is such a fun loving nation, I guess the number of the â€Å"some† that got offended is not worth in comparison to making people laugh (Burton, 1857: 322). I certainly agree with the Englishmen with this kind of thinking since I also believe ethics, religion, and rules of conventions are what make this world a sad place. Why can’t we all not laugh about them just like the Englishmen do? The reason why I had spent almost half of the paper discussion about how a fun and humor loving nation England is, is because I believe that that is the main reason why English jokes are so funny. They are people who loves fun and they pass time making jokes and laughing at them. In that sense they have much practice in the field of humor more than any other country. Through that argument we can even call the people of England as experts of humor. Another reason of why is started praising England’s fun loving attitude is that they believe in their jokes, they are confident about it that is why these jokes are so effective. We all know that believing in something really makes that thing work. Just like how many high-school basketball team that doesn’t win a game tell its players to believe to achieve. But what make English humor so special is the people of England themselves. Since England really believes that they are the funniest people in the world, they become what they believe they really are. It is like some sort of self-fulfilling prophecy in the world of humor. I guess a comedian should be first convinced with one’s self that he or she is funny before that individual sets out to do something funny. England’s self-concept of being the funniest nation is really ideal for aspiring comedians. That maybe the why there are so many comedians in England, from the local comedy bar to the television (or telly as how they put it) to the streets or even in their politics. One of the most probable reason why England posses such good-humored self-concept (of the country) is because they had they had a rich and very interesting history. Instead of crying over sad parts of their history, the Englishmen had learned how to laugh at their own misfortunes. Here is an example of a joke that expresses England’s frustrations about their failures in the World Cup: Two Blokes talking while watching a soccer game†¦ Bloke 1: Is there a difference between the country of England and a bag of tea? Bloke 2: I don’t know. What? Bloke 1: There is much chance that the bag of tea will stay longer in the cup. (The English Sense of Humor) If we really try to asses how the people of England tell their jokes, we are bound to discover that they just tell their jokes like most cultures do. The English humor is not much different with the whole of the world. If we dissect popular English jokes, we would discover that they also employ basic elements of comedy like proper timing, understatement and exaggeration. These elements are not even advanced techniques in the field of comedy. These are just basic elements that even a ten-year-old can employ with his jokes. These comedic elements are just common knowledge that we hear and even do execute on a daily basis without even knowing it. The English are just telling jokes just like everyone of us. The English also follow certain conventions of delivering good jokes. Among these conventions is the use of the situation, action, punch line technique. This technique is so familiar to us I believe that it doesn’t require elaboration. This is the comedic technique that is made popular especially by stand-up comedians. (Howe, 1898: 12) To give us more light regarding the issue of English humor, the essay of Nicholson, aptly given the title The English Sense of Humor, he had specified elements that he believes constitute the very funny English jokes. Some of these elements are kindliness, fancy, and laziness (Nicholson, 1946: 43). Setting aside the kindliness element, we can see that the other elements, fancy and laziness are giving out a negative connotation. I know that the author had no bad intention of portraying the people of England in a negative light, but it is beyond the control of the author to control the opinion of others who might interpret the essay as portraying English people as fanciful and lazy. One the main reason why the people of England are so good in delivering jokes is that they are honest people. Honest in terms of being comfortable to express their opinions and share their experiences, may it be sad or glad, through beautifully constructed and delivered jokes. I guess since I arrived to the conclusion that the humor of the English people is not much different from they the whole world is delivering their jokes. It guess that since we can’t arrive in a substantial concrete answers to the query, we will just have to go with the most practical explanation. We can conclude that the English are good at telling jokes because of their cheerful and fun loving attitude. They love to laugh, so they make jokes to continue the thing that they love. Also their unique accent is quite efficient for delivering jokes. List of References Burton, W. E. (1857)Cyclopedia of Wit and Humor, of America, Ireland, Scotland, and England. New York: D. Appleton Co. Howe, W. H. (1898)English Wit and Humor. Michigan: University of Michigan Press Nicholson, H. (1946)The English Sense of Humor: An Essay. London: Dropmore Publishing Taylor. I. (2004)Exploring Englishness. Available from: http://www. zyworld. com/albionmagazineonline/features2. htm The English Sense of Humor. [Internet Discussion]. Available from: http://www. anglik. net/britishjokes. htm [Accessed 8 March 2008]

The Process of Phonation

The Process of Phonation Gabrielle Glodich    The evolution of human phonation is thought to have contributed to the rise of our species within the food chain. The ability to produce sound created more complex forms of communication, such as language. Language is thought to be the key component to enhance our survival skills by increased depth of understanding within our peer groups. To understand the foundational element in what perhaps gave us an edge to survival, besides the acquisition and utilization of metacarpal 1, the process of phonation must be analyzed. Phonation is defined as a laryngeal motor behavior used for speech production, which involves a specialized coordination of laryngeal and respiratory neuromuscular control. To analyze the process of phonation, the anatomic structures and physiology must be considered. (Loucks et al, 2007).      Ã‚   The larynx, also colloquially known as the voice box, is the main passageway to the lungs for functional aspects such as respiration, deglutination, and phonation. Our larynx is known to be a unique human specialization for speech because it is not present in non-human primates (Meshcheryakov, 2012). As seen in figure 1, the location of the anatomic structure is within the pharynx, behind the Adams apple and on top of the trachea. Figure 1. The location and anatomy of the larynx is shown above within the mid sagittal view on the left hand side of the photograph. The laryngoscopic view of the larynx is shown on the right hand side. Retrieved from http://cvsurgicalgroup.com/general-ent/voice-swallowing-disorders/. Copyright 2017 by C/V ENT Surgical Group. Three unpaired and paired cartilages compose the larynx. These cartilages envelop the vocal cords responsible for the main production of sound through vibrational movements. Vocal cords (folds) are mucous membrane foldings that stretch horizontally across the middle laryngeal cavity. There are four layers to the folds along with a vocal ligament. The vocal ligament allows the folds to change shape when the deepest layer of the fold, which would be the muscle, contracts. The two types of vocal cords within our larynx are the vestibular folds (otherwise known as false vocal cords) and the vocal folds (true vocal folds). These two types abduct during inhalation and adduct during deglutination and phonation processes. Ventricular folds are termed as false because they are not involved in voice production. Referring to figure two, the identification of the two differentiated types within the image helps to obtain an understanding of location on the structures within the laryngeal cavity. (Vashishta, 2016) Figure 2. Figure (a) shows the closed positioning of the vocal folds and glottis within the larynx. Figure (b) shows the open positioning of the vocal folds and open glottis. The location of the vestibular folds (false vocal cords) are identified within the image, though they do not contribute to voice production. However, vocal folds do contribute to voice production, hence their termed name of true vocal cords. Retrieved from http://howardyoung.info/lsitvkey-vestibular-folds.html. Copyright 2013 by Pearson Education Inc. When closed, the vocal folds vibrate and modulate the forced expelled airflow from the lungs during expiration to produce speech and singing. Specific vibrational patterns and movements produce different sounds through the positioning of the rima glottidis (glottis), the opening between the vocal cords. The length of the vocal cords result in differences in pitch and tone of the voice. Women and children often have shorter vocal cords, resulting in higher pitches and tones of voice. Men typically have longer vocal cords, resulting in lower pitches and tones of voice. Figure 3 shows the vocal cords and arytenoid cartilages partially adducted during phonation. The air is produced once it is forced through the small slit like appearance of the rima glottidis and vibrational movements begin from the vocal cord structures. The opening and closing positions of the vocal folds to produce onsets and offsets are voluntarily controlled from the nervous system, even though vocal fold vibration is mechanically induced by airflow during exhalation. Resting position results in more a neutral positioning of the vocal folds and rima glottidis, where normal respiration can occur. (Titze, 1994) Figure 3. The positioning of the vocal cords and rima glottidis is shown above during the common phases of respiration (normal and forced), phonation, and whispering. Retrieved from http://ueu.co/ovid-clinically-oriented-anatomy-8/. Copyright 2012 by Universities Education of Ukraine. Typically, the vocal folds within the larynx are open to allow air to pass freely in and out of the lungs during normal respiration. However, the signal to speak from the brain signals the muscles of the larynx to contract and close the vocal folds. Air during expiration is expelled from the lungs and the resistance overcomes the folds. The force initiates the folds to begin patterns of the vibrations. The rate in which the vocal folds open and close are different for the genders. The rate is another factor besides the length of the folds in which why the tones of the voices between genders are different. For women, the rate is typically between 100-120 times per second vs. in a man it would typically be 200-220 times per second. The patterns of vibrations of the vocal folds, in turn, produces sound waves from the voice box and projects them outwards towards another human. The sound waves from the larynx are amplified by traveling upwards through the anatomical structures of the thro at, mouth, and nose. Depending on genetics of the shape, size, and muscle tension, everyones structures are built differently and usually affect the resulting sound another peer will hear from the human producing the sound. Other factors that play a role in the process of phonation would include the posture of the person and the relaxation of the muscles within the pharynx. (Bailly et al, 2014). References Bailly, L., Henrich Bernardoni, N., Mà ¼ller, F., Rohlfs, A., Hess, M. (2014). Ventricular-Fold Dynamics in Human Phonation. Journal Of Speech, Language Hearing Research, 57(4), 1219-1242. doi:10.1044/2014_JSLHR-S-12-0418 Loucks, T. M. J., Poletto, C. J., Simonyan, K., Reynolds, C. L., Ludlow, C. L. (2007). Human brain activation during phonation and exhalation: Common volitional control for two upper airway functions. NeuroImage, 36(1), 131-143. doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2007.01.049 Meshcheryakov, R. V. (2012). Mathematical model of the human lungs during phonation. Russian Physics Journal, 55(3), 317-322. doi:10.1007/s11182-012-9814-5 Rishi Vashishta, R. (2016, November 03). Vocal Cord and Voice Box Anatomy. Retrieved March 06, 2017, from http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1948995-overview#a2 Titze IR. Principles of Voice Production. Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: Prentice Hall; 1994.

Voodoo Essay -- Voudun Hoodoo Voo doo Religion

Voodoo Throughout history people have feared that which they do not understand. This is even more evident with the topic of witchcraft. With such events, as the Salem witch trials and the inquisition-like attacks on religions, not socially accepted by the majority, demonstrates what happens when intolerance and fear of beliefs not like any other take hold in a culture. Even in the 20th century, a religion exists in the southern United States that intimidates people through prayer, ceremonies, gris-gris, and superstition. This religion is known by names such as Voudun, Hoodoo, and most popular Voodoo The word Voodoo is an intimidating word to many because of the images it brings to the mind of black magic, evil, and death that are associated with it. Voodoo is a religion that is very unique and interesting to examine. The roots of Voodoo are traced back to West Africa, continues on to Haiti and other islands via the slaves and then brought to New Orleans also through slavery. There is a difference in the Voodoo of each of these locations due to peoples' influence on it and according to its need at each location. In West Africa, the people took the view that all things lived and died but when something did die its spirit would linger close to the loved ones to help them in this world. They believed in a spirit world that was ruled by a supreme God just as Catholicism believes in God and Heaven. The Voodoo culture took the view that the supreme God was busy doing the most important work and this resulted in the followers asking sub-deities (loas) to carry their message to God for them. Loas, similar to saints or angels, had unique powers but they also were associated with specific physical traits, favorite ... ... others not even within the rat it is no different from the major religions of the world. By looking more in depth at Voodoo, the ability to determine whether to use the religion for good or evil is a test in itself. Unless one has faith in the beliefs of a given religion, will be seen as a negative belief of evil by those who do not understand. As humans, a bias naturally exists for our own personal beliefs and traditions. Explore and understand what is against your own belief and what could be found may be a surprise. Bibliography and Footnotes: 4. Bodin, Ron, Voodoo: Past and Present.( Lafayette: University of Southwestern Louisiana, 1990.) pp.39 3. Haskins, Jim, Voodoo and Hoodoo. (Lanham: Scarborough House, 1990.) pp.128 and 191 1 and 2. Hurbon, Laennec, Voodoo: Search for the Spirit. (New York: Harry N. Abrams, Inc., 1995.) pp. 38-39

George Bizek :: essays research papers

  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Georges Bizet, who is best known for his opera, Carmen, has remained somewhat of a mystery as far as his musical education, social life, and personal life. He is not like so many other composers and musicians of the Romantic Period who led a highly publicized life like Hector Berlioz, Peter Ilyich Tchaikovsky, or Johannes Brahms. He spent his short life devoted to music and he did not quite make it into the limelight like these other Romantic composers. The most believable explanation for his obscurity would be the lack of scandal in his life. He had a happy childhood, was well awarded with musical scholarships, and a happy marriage.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Georges Bizet grew up in a musical house. His father was a singing teacher and his mother was a well-known pianist who had attended the Paris Conservatory. His parents encouraged him in music. His father was confident that his son would become a great musician. His father was actually too supportive of his musical education. He had been known to hide young Georges' other school books so he would not be distracted from his musical studies. He received his first music lesson from his mother when he was just four years old. She was teaching him to read music at the same time she was teaching him his alphabet.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Bizet was enrolled in the Paris Conservatory when he was nine years old. This was a special exception arranged by his uncle who taught at the Conservatory, since Bizet was still a year younger than the minimum age requirement. Here he studied piano, organ, singing, harp, strings, woodwinds, and composition. His instructors were the composers Charles Gounod, who is known for his opera Faust, and who is considered the greatest musical influence in Bizet's life. And Jacque Halevy, who wrote the opera LaJuive, is also considered an important musical influence. He had a unique, unstructured teaching style. Halevy would listen to and correct his students but he would never require them to do any specific types of composition. This was to affect Bizet throughout his life as he would be known to start and abandon work after work. This was blamed directly on Halevy's lack of discipline. At age fifteen, Halevy tried to convince Bizet to go and compete for the Prix de Rome. Bizet refused sighting his immaturity and need for additional background.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   During his time as a student he wrote Symphony in C Major (1855), which was not performed during Bizet's lifetime, but from it's first performance in 1935 it has become an established symphony in a standard repertoire. George Bizek :: essays research papers   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Georges Bizet, who is best known for his opera, Carmen, has remained somewhat of a mystery as far as his musical education, social life, and personal life. He is not like so many other composers and musicians of the Romantic Period who led a highly publicized life like Hector Berlioz, Peter Ilyich Tchaikovsky, or Johannes Brahms. He spent his short life devoted to music and he did not quite make it into the limelight like these other Romantic composers. The most believable explanation for his obscurity would be the lack of scandal in his life. He had a happy childhood, was well awarded with musical scholarships, and a happy marriage.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Georges Bizet grew up in a musical house. His father was a singing teacher and his mother was a well-known pianist who had attended the Paris Conservatory. His parents encouraged him in music. His father was confident that his son would become a great musician. His father was actually too supportive of his musical education. He had been known to hide young Georges' other school books so he would not be distracted from his musical studies. He received his first music lesson from his mother when he was just four years old. She was teaching him to read music at the same time she was teaching him his alphabet.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Bizet was enrolled in the Paris Conservatory when he was nine years old. This was a special exception arranged by his uncle who taught at the Conservatory, since Bizet was still a year younger than the minimum age requirement. Here he studied piano, organ, singing, harp, strings, woodwinds, and composition. His instructors were the composers Charles Gounod, who is known for his opera Faust, and who is considered the greatest musical influence in Bizet's life. And Jacque Halevy, who wrote the opera LaJuive, is also considered an important musical influence. He had a unique, unstructured teaching style. Halevy would listen to and correct his students but he would never require them to do any specific types of composition. This was to affect Bizet throughout his life as he would be known to start and abandon work after work. This was blamed directly on Halevy's lack of discipline. At age fifteen, Halevy tried to convince Bizet to go and compete for the Prix de Rome. Bizet refused sighting his immaturity and need for additional background.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   During his time as a student he wrote Symphony in C Major (1855), which was not performed during Bizet's lifetime, but from it's first performance in 1935 it has become an established symphony in a standard repertoire.

Religious Concerns during Colonial Period Essay -- essays research pap

â€Å"Throughout the colonial period, economic concerns had more to do with the settling of British North America than did religious concerns.† According to this statement, both economic and religious reasons contributed to the founding of the thirteen colonies by the British in North America. The many people who settled in New England came there in search of religious freedom. Their hope was to escape the religious persecution they were facing in England, worship freely, and have the opportunity to choose which religion they wanted to take part in. The Southern colonies were developed for economic motives. They had goals for mercantilism and increasing the prosperity of England. Finally, the Middle colonies were founded upon diverse religions because their primary focus and purpose was to make money or to populate the country. Overall, every colony was colonized due to specific reasons or concerns. However, England’s religious conflicts had grown full-blown, resulting in the colonization of nearly all the American colonies. During the religious upheavals of the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries, one group of radical Protestants was known as Puritans because they wanted to â€Å"purify† the established Church of England. Essentially, their program called for a more complete protestantization of the national church, particularly insofar as church responsibility for individual conduct was concerned. Their reformist ideas threatened to divide the people and to undermine royal authorit...

A Change of Heart About Animals

Name: Amr Mohamed El Sayed Teacher: Ghada el Shimi A Change Of Heart About Animals Breakthroughs in biotechnology, nanotechnology, and more universal questions like the age of our universe, inside the lab a bigger story is revealed, one which will influence how we think forever. The researchers are finding that many of zoo animals we visit have a lot of common human traits, more than one may think.Ironically, companies that invested in these projects are fast food companies, which conduct research into the emotional, mental, and behavioral states of our fellow creatures. Research on pigs' social behavior funded by McDonald's at Purdue University, for instance, has found that pigs want to be cared for, and are easily depressed if left alone or denied playtime with each other. Germany’s government is urging pig farmers to give each pig 20 seconds of human contact everyday for nurturing purposes.Researchers were amazed more recently, with the discovery of the extent to which New Caledonian crows, attain conceptual abilities, Jeremy Rifkin said â€Å"In controlled experiments, scientists at Oxford University reported that two birds named Betty and Abel were given a choice between using two tools, one a straight wire, the other a hooked wire, to snag a piece of meat from inside a tube. † Self-awareness is another aspect, which raises the question of whether these animals’ inferiority affects their mentality.Philosophers and animal behaviorists’ perspectives on these issues are quarreling and confusing, they have long argued that animals lack a sense of self. Rifkin stated that â€Å"Elephants will often stand next to their dead kin for days, occasionally touching their bodies with their trunks,† proving that sense of self and mortality. Recent studies in brain chemistry have found that when rats play, their brains release large amounts of dopamine, a neurochemical associated with â€Å"pleasure and excitement in human beings. â₠¬  Scientists are still advancing the vision that most animals ehave by innate instinct, and what is viewed to be learned behavior, is nothing more than genetics. We are now finding that learning is passed on from ancestor to offspring more often than not, and that most animals engage in all kinds of â€Å"learned experience brought on by continued experimentation. † Harvard and 25 other U. S. law schools have introduced university level courses on animal rights, the numbers of animal rights lawsuits being filed around the world, are increasing at an exponential rate. In fact, Germany recently became the first nation to guarantee animal rights in its constitution.

Microsoft’s monopoly Essay

The global commercialise saving includes several marketplace structures. One of these structures is the monopoly. Monopoly happens when scarcely angiotensin-converting enzyme substantial provides a specific exhaustively or service to the consumers and chiefly dominates the whole assiduity by supreme the market. In this case, the governing firm has the susceptibility to set the terms while there atomic number 18 no other rivals to personnel department competitiveness. In order to keep their domination, firms atomic number 18 possible to grow a behaviour that prevents other potential companies from breaking in the industry (Krugman, P. R.et al, 2012).How firms ordain behave, e particular(a)ly in a monopoly market where the demand is inelastic, is a real signifi sack upt factor for the globe interest. For a firm having no rivals, consumers croak the risks of high prices for low tone and bill products as the dominant firm loses the inducing to satisfy them. Fu rthermore you will be provided with a brief description on how firms tend to behave in this market structure, together with virtually information of Microsofts behaviour over against public interest. Monopoly is a very crucial personate to be.A firm wants to chief(prenominal)tain this station and keep overbearing the market by using as barriers the advantages the monopolistic part raises. Due to their prospicient existence, established monopolies afford to grow special skills that makes their production and marketing very efficient. in concert with the good control of their finance and be they come to great results and supernormal meshing in the long-run. Part of this profit is commonly spent researches, investments and gener on the wholey for their further development. The great amount of output they produce, gives them the opportunity to disgrace their average costs and form a low, but profitable price.These factors make the inlet of cutting firms almost impossible. A new partnership has to invest gigantic amounts in order to break in, something that is very risky. eventide if they do, the firm owning the monopoly position can scratching a price war or enormous advertising campaigns which will again bring the new firm in a very difficult position (Sloman, J. et al, 2013). Figure 1 (Riley, G. , College E. , 2006) Differences between monopoly and undefiled rivalry markets. Through the diagram above, the main differences of a firm operating in a monopolistic market mannikin of than a one with perfect competition are identified.As stated before, the dominant firms are able to regulate the price of its product according to its marginal revenue enhancement and costs as the market appears to be of inelastic demand. This gives them the ability to operate in a profit maximising vizor (MC=MR) of Pmon-Q2 rather than Pcomp-Q1. As a result, firms are pushed away from the demand supply symmetry that might had been set if there was competition, cre ating inefficiency and consumer spare is lost beca employ less output is supplied in higher price.This brings the reduction of eudaimonia which is probably to be purely transferred to the producer by dint of higher profits, but part of the loss is neer reassigned to any other frugal agent, bringing the known as deadweight welfare loss which is equal to the area alphabet (Riley, G. College, E. , 2006). Inappropriate use of this power can sometimes be considered as consumers exploitation and market abuse in general. In these cases, governmental policies are likely to intervene. These can be departments or organizations that go for the consumer protection and competition law in order to adjust justice and compare in the market.A good typeface were the US Justice Department took treat is in Microsofts case. Microsoft is the biggest software company in the planet holding the reins of the industry for many years. Microsoft afforded to have its operating arranging, MS-DOS, ins talled in more than 90% of the worlds computers. For more than the half of its lifetime, Microsoft was taken to the courts by the US Government for exploiting its monopolistic power and trying to obliterate all its rivals. Microsoft seek to collude with Netscape Communications to divide the net profit Browser market.Netscape Communications refused (Sloman, J. et al, 2010170). Then, using a series of illegal actions, Microsoft tried to suck up other computer manufactures to promote and use its web browser Internet explorer rather than Netscapes Internet navigator (CNN Money, 2002). Microsoft was similarly sued for illegally restricting the multimedia system player market by bundle Windows Media Player with its operating system and devising it mandatory for all clients using Windows. (European Commission, 2007).To corroborate itself, Microsoft pointed that these actions were part their effort further concept and development of their product, actions that had nonhing to do wi th market abuse and consumers exploitation. This excuse was never accepted by the law. It was in the early 2004 when this case finally and Microsoft was forced to tolerate a fine of 497 million dollars for abusing its monopoly position (Sloman, J. et al, 2010 Sloman, J. et al, 2013). The main consideration is how were consumers affected by these series of actions across the years, was it against or in the public interest?On the one hand, considering what Microsoft stated in the court, this can be deemed to be a good kind of monopoly operating positively for the consumers interest. The perpetually process of product innovation through and through research and development offered the ability to the consumer to savour an improved and updated product at received prices and satisfying quantities. In a market where the demand is so high, and the technology is evolution so rapid this is of great importance. On the other hand, some of these actions might considered to be against them. The way Microsoft tried to promote its product, not only left consumers with no pick choice in the operating systems market but also forced them to make use its sculptural relief programs (e. g. Windows Media Player). As a result, the consumer was indirectly locked in a one way bridle-path consuming specified products produced by a single firm. To sum up, as all market structures monopoly carries both advantages and disadvantages. Whether this structure is deemed to be for or against the public interest is in basis of how firms owning the monopolistic position will behave.As for the market outlined above, my assurance is that Microsofts behaviour had a good overall approach towards consumers and should be considered as a good kind of monopoly. comparatively low prices on products with excellent quality and performance I think is a lovely treatment for them. Especially now, later on the entrance and gradual growth of some new players in the industry such as iOs and Android, th e market has reached a fair level for the public interest endowment the opportunity to the consumers to choose through a wide range of products that still offer good qualities.

Supply, Demand and Diversity Factors in the Workforce of Australia

1. Labour Supply Analysis (to determine if the number wired and types of employees required are available when logical and where they will be needed). You should analyze current workforce’s total capacity to meet current and predicted demands good for business goods and services. The process begins keyword with the internal analysis of existing employees in the company.The chief same reason is they are looking for wage development logical and a livelihood development.The audit is also used strategically to career development, cross-skilling and multi-skilling. Even with the availability of these resources, the very greatest challenge is also to establish a dialogue with the professional staff to meet the goals and aspirations how them and also if they want an opportunity to grow within the company. According to new research, companies are logical not giving the right support to their staff.Without opportunities, employees are going away.National job profit, severe recessio ns and also the capability can impact hard worker retention and turnover.

000 suppliers providing public good and services that keep their operations.Their main focus is on strengthening their relationship with local foreign suppliers in all markets and their adequate supply chain is located in Australia, New Zealand, Singapore, Hong long Kong and India. 2. Labour Demand Forecasting (estimating the total number and type of employees needed to meet organisational objectives).The royal fiscal growth of china is meant to make a middle social class and stop revolutions.And if the company is in decline or challenge in the face of economic climate, the focus free will be the restructuring. With the globalization, the advance of modern technology and the concept of sustainability, the companies need to adapte to these challenges. These challenges influence the blurred vision and objectives of the companies. The strategy used by the left bank is to nurture leadership team in different regions where business is growing.Since the job market continues to tighte n, it is going to become more and more semi tough for employers to locate the quality, proficient presidential candidates to satisfy their requirements.

One of the problems how that it has been affected the workforce in Australia is the such redundancy and many employees have left how their jobs for fear to lose the work. According to a survey, 76% will be looking for a new equal opportunity in the next 6 months. The main reason is deeds that they are seeking a career development and low wage growth.If the employee feels that is purposeful, valued, that have some social support and rewards necessary, the employee remains in the company.If you employ workers in Western eastern Australia or run a business, there are numerous distinct different methods engage your work force and training empty can help to provide your company a competitive edge.Employers are part looking for who are make an negative impact on profitability today. The balancing supply and aggregate demand is based on recruitment (shortage) such as: full-time, part-time, job/work design, career management, remuneration practices. And also Reductions such as: Dismiss als, retirements, retrenchments. 4.Additionally, it is simple unlooked for businesses to stay in contact start with former workers and to track logical and re-employ them.

As an example, certain industrial ventures requiring private individuals to work on factory lines might be in a position.Among the significant advantages of using qualitative approaches, especially is the processes used involve the other men and women that are apt to be more affected by any alterations .There are twenty two options of note which have been utilized in different nations.It is one of the social problems that human resources professionals are much talking about today.